Suchergebnisse

Under the national strategy of "let informatisation drive industrialisation, and let industrialisation promote informatisation", China's electronic information industry, also referred to as the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, has achieved continuous and dramatic development during the last three decades, and become one of the essential pillar industries of China's national economy. Much effort has been devoted to increasing the industry's profit margin, improving indigenous innovation and overcoming the negative effects of the 2008 financial crisis, but environmental issues have traditionally received less attention from industrial manufacturers and users of ICT products. Severe pollution issues and environmental challenges therefore emerge at the different stages of the lifecycle of ICT products. China is still in its infancy in building up a green ICT industry. This paper discusses the importance and impacts of current environmental challenges faced by the electronic information industry. It proposes the implementation of green ICT as a key strategy to ensure environment-friendly use of ICT equipment and to maintain sustainable development of China's ICT industry in the long term. (China/GIGA)

This study uses board governance as an analytical lens for exploring the effects of government funding on the representational capacities of nonprofit organizations. A typology of governance patterns is first developed that captures the board's strength relative to the chief executive and its representation of community interests. Using this typology and employing multinomial logit analyses of survey data from a sample of urban charitable organizations, the study tests how nonprofit governance is mediated by levels of government funding. Controlling for other relevant environmental and institutional factors, reliance on government funding decreases the likelihood that nonprofit organizations will develop strong, representative boards.
In recent years, government has emerged in the United States as a major "philanthropist," the major philanthropist in a number of the principal, traditional areas of philanthropy.


  —Filer Commission (Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs 1975, 89)

AbstractNonprofit representation as a multidimensional notion is inherently interrelated with nonprofit advocacy. This multidimensional nature of representation, however, was largely overlooked in prior empirical literature that predominantly focused on the independent effect of individual representational dimensions on advocacy. This article addresses this limitation by identifying the "representational mixes"—combinations of multiple representational dimensions—that bring about specific outcomes of nonprofit advocacy. Drawing on data from nonprofit organizations in three provinces of China and applying a corresponding configurational approach of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, the findings confirm three propositions, namely the conjunctural, equifinal, and asymmetric causation underneath the complex relationship between nonprofit representation and nonprofit advocacy. This study thus contributes a fresh configurational perspective to understanding nonprofit representation in relation to nonprofit advocacy.

The evolving nonprofit–government relations in China have attracted increasing attention from scholars over the past four decades. The complexity and fluidity of the relations, however, pose substantial challenges to analysis. Recently, to disentangle the myth of the important relationships, research has been progressing primarily in three directions toward greater methodological diversity, stronger focus on the behaviors of nonprofit organizations vis-à-vis the governments, and more research synthesis. This symposium brings together three studies that represent these trends. After providing a brief historical overview of the study on nonprofit–government relations in China, individual contributions to this symposium are characterized.

AbstractThis systematic literature review reports on the content of past empirical studies of nonprofit collaboration within and across the sectors, published between 1972 and 2015 (n = 657). An analysis of these articles reveals four major themes: diverse but "siloed" data; imbalance in research coverage; the dominance of "big four" organization theories; and limited improvement in research sophistication. It further identifies five specific research gaps: the insufficient attention to the forms and intensity of nonprofit collaboration; the divergences and contradictions in theoretical reasoning and empirical evidence; the lack of attention to the moderators and/or mediators of collaboration; the lack of understanding of collaborative failure; and the lack of comparative studies. These findings help to inform collaboration research and practice by observing the value in using a broader scope of literature and methods to build knowledge in this area.

This study provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of the Chinese literature on nonprofit-government relations. A total of 1,222 nonprofit research articles have been examined. It assesses the key insights and contributions of nonprofit-government relations studies across macro-, meso-, and micro-level. It identifies three important limitations of extant research: the lack of autonomy (i.e., it is state-guided), indigeneity (i.e., it is largely an exercise of applying Western theories), and sophistication (i.e., it has limited theoretical depth and methodological rigor). The middle-range approach to theory building is suggested as a most appropriate future direction to advance research in this area.